BERLIN (AP) â Margot FriedlĂ€nder, a German Jew who and became a high-profile witness to Nazi persecution in her final years, died Friday. She was 103.
Her death was announced by the Margot FriedlÀnder Foundation in Berlin on its website. Details about where she died, as well as the cause of death, were not immediately made public.
She died the week of the in World War II.
After spending much of her life in the United States, FriedlĂ€nder returned to live in the German capital in her 80s. She was honored with Germanyâs highest decoration and with a statue at Berlinâs City Hall.
âWhat I do gives me my strength and probably also my energy, because I speak for those who can no longer speak,â FriedlĂ€nder said at an event at Berlinâs Jewish Museum in 2018.
âI would like to say that I donât just speak for the , but for all the people who were killed â innocent people,â she said.
German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier expressed his condolences in a statement, saying she gave Germany reconciliation despite the horrors she went through here in her life. Steinmeier said the country cannot be grateful enough for her gift.
A report released last month said more than 200,000 are still alive but within the next 10 years.
âWeâre Germans'
FriedlÀnder was born Margot Bendheim on Nov. 5, 1921. Her father, Artur Bendheim, owned a shop in Berlin. He had fought for Germany and had been decorated in World War I.
FriedlĂ€nder recalled that, after the Nazis took power, her father initially said that âthey donât mean us; Weâre Germans.â She added that âwe didnât see it until it was too late."
FriedlĂ€nder wanted to design clothes and started an apprenticeship as a tailor. After her parents divorced in 1937, FriedlĂ€nder, her mother and younger brother went to live with her grandparents. In 1941, they had to move to a so-called âJewish apartment,â and FriedlĂ€nder was forced to work nights at a metal factory.
In January 1943, just as the family was planning to flee Berlin, FriedlĂ€nder returned home to discover that her brother, Ralph, had been taken away by the Gestapo. A neighbor told her that her mother had decided to go to the police and âgo with Ralph, wherever that may be.â
She passed on her motherâs final message â âTry to make your life,â which would later become the title of FriedlĂ€nder's autobiography â along with her handbag.
FriedlĂ€nder went into hiding, taking off the yellow star that Jews were obliged to wear. She recalled getting her hair dyed red, reasoning that âpeople think Jews donât have red hair.â
She said that 16 people helped keep her under the radar over the next 15 months.
That ended in April 1944 when she was taken in by police after being stopped for an identity check after leaving a bunker following an air raid. She said she quickly decided to tell the truth and say that she was Jewish.
âThe running and hiding was over,â she said. âI felt separated from the fate of my people. I had felt guilty every day; had I gone with my mother and my brother, I would at least have known what had happened to them.â
Theresienstadt concentration camp and ghetto
FriedlÀnder arrived in June 1944 at the packed Theresienstadt camp. In the spring of 1945, she recalled later, she saw the arrival of skeletal prisoners who had been forced onto death marches from .
âAt that moment, we heard of the death camps, and at that moment I understood that I would not see my mother and my brother again,â she said. Both were killed at the Auschwitz death camp.
Her father had fled in 1939 to Belgium. He later went to France, where he was interned, before being deported in 1942 to Auschwitz, where he was also killed.
Shortly after the campâs liberation, she married Adolf FriedlĂ€nder, an acquaintance from Berlin whom she met again at Theresienstadt. He had a sister in America, and â after months in a camp for displaced persons â they arrived in New York in 1946.
A return to Germany
FriedlÀnder stayed away from Germany for 57 years. She and her husband became U.S. citizens; she worked as a tailor and later ran a travel agency.
Adolf FriedlĂ€nder died in 1997, aged 87. Margot returned to Germany for the first time in 2003, when she was received at Berlinâs City Hall along with others who had been pushed out by the Nazis.
In 2010, she moved back to the German capital, where she told her story to students and was decorated with, among other things, the countryâs highest honor, the Order of Merit. She was made a citizen of honor of Berlin in 2018.
Noting that there were few Holocaust survivors still alive, she told an audience that year: âI would like you to be the witnesses we canât be for much longer.â
Geir Moulson, The Associated Press